I've seen the aircraft / bullet heatmap diagram a few times. However, I'm always left wondering "was this a purely empirical analysis?". Clearly engineers would

I've seen the aircraft / bullet heatmap diagram a few times. However, I'm always left wondering "was this a purely empirical analysis?". Clearly engineers would have some sense of what areas would bring an aircraft down (loss of engine, loss of tail strike me as obvious with no experience in aircraft design beyond paper planes). It is a great prop for survivorship bias of course!