I first figured this out when looking at filesystems. Ext4 is a generation behind netapp wafl (from the 1990s). ZFS is arguably competitive with some of the e

I first figured this out when looking at filesystems. Ext4 is a generation behind netapp wafl (from the 1990s). ZFS is arguably competitive with some of the enterprise filers from back when sun existed. There have been at least four generations of commercial filesystems since then. So, a randomly chosen on-prem filer will be 3-5 generations ahead of Linux. The reason is economic: In that space, companies have a half life of 5 years, but influential open source filesystems last 20+ years.