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It hasn't existed for so long! Jeez, kids these days. As a movement it's really only about 30 years old, and that in two separate phases: 1. The GPL/GNU period

It hasn't existed for so long! Jeez, kids these days. As a movement it's really only about 30 years old, and that in two separate phases: 1. The GPL/GNU period. The software is mostly called "free software-as-in-freedom". The community is small, volunteer driven, highly ideological and focused primarily on cloning UNIX for commodity PC hardware. Most developers aren't using this stuff at all and work with entirely commercial toolchains. 2. The Apache 2 period. The software is mostly called "open source". The community is huge, frequently driven by corporate donations, not particularly ideological anymore and focused on developer tools / libraries rather than operating systems and desktop apps. Developers now regularly incorporate open source libraries into their commercial programs. The transition was slow but I'd pick 2008-2010 as the crossing over point. Before that time if someone said they wrote open source software you'd make a weak assumption that they worked somehow on Linux related projects in their evenings/weekends. After that time you'd probably assume they were writing some library and had even odds it was their job. It's important to remember that 2008+ is ZIRP territory. Money was "free" for investors, so investment piled into a lot of stuff that often wasn't revenue generating because there was nowhere else for it to go. This era was also shaped by a historical aberration - a handful of hyper successful advertising companies whose founders were able to remain in control whilst still selling much of their stock thanks to dual voting classes. Modern developer's understanding of the open source ecosystem, along with their expectation that powerful tools are all free, is very much shaped by the combination of Fed policy and a handful of super rich patron companies that weren't under any pressure to return capital to shareholders. Thing is none of these factors (ideology, free money, stock with dual voting classes) is historically normal or arguably sustainable over the long run, whereas ordinary capitalism is. So we might well see a reversion to the mean where things like compilers, libraries, operating systems etc become commercial again as relatively high interest rates pull funds out of tech and the supply of Stallmanists devoted to the cause of desktop GNU/Linux continues to dwindle. The recent death of a man who reverse engineered a lot of networking hardware for Linux is an example of this - how many 25 year old hackers want to do that sort of thing any more? They're all writing JS frameworks that only work on AWS these days. If that does happen though it'll be quite slow. I think the industry would need a kind of Steam for libraries to emerge first, and it's pretty unclear what the next equilibrium phase looks like.

dartos 2y ago
30 years is the majority of the existence of personal computers have been available. It’s a long time > how many 25 year old hackers want to do that sort of thing? A lot! More than 30 years ago, that’s for sure. The sheer number of all programmers have increased so much since then. A few years ago, when I was 25, I was getting into hardware hacking and I found 2 books on the subject. It’s just hard to find learning resources on reverse engineering hardware, since that isn’t the entry point for programmers anymore. My hope is that some greybeards will write some resources on how they made harfbuzz or eMacs or whatever. I’d pay for that knowledge. I’d gladly pay for technical biographies of open source projects.
- mike_hearn 2y ago
  I was being pretty generous with my timespans. 30 years ago was 1994. Personal computers had existed for quite a long time by then. The Apple Mac launched in 1984. Open source did exist in 1994: projects like Linux and Python were started around 1991 but nearly nobody knew about them or used them. The average person or developer in 1994 had zero encounters with open source software. Even by 2000 this was still the case: the average developer was working with Visual Basic or Delphi or Visual Studio (all proprietary) using the Windows API or VBX/OCX controls as libraries (proprietary), connecting to Oracle, SQL Server or Access for data (proprietary) and if they were bold, rendering web UIs from IIS or Netscape's servers (proprietary) to Internet Explorer or Netscape Communicator (all proprietary). If they were cutting edge like Google they might be using Linux as a server kernel, but that was rare and a source of competitive advantage. Google wrote all of its own internal libraries starting from the STL upwards partly because there just weren't that many to adopt if you worked on Linux. > It’s just hard to find learning resources on reverse engineering hardware, since that isn’t the entry point for programmers anymore. Well, two books is a lot. Back in the day there were none :) I think this shows the issue, right? Yes there are more developers overall, but there are also more opportunities and things to do. Why would you spend hours slaving over a buggy wifi driver when you could try your hand at writing a mobile app instead, which might make you rich? Back in the 90s this was far less of an option for most developers. The original motivation was a desire to use something other than Windows on PC class hardware, but that desire has been satiated by Apple for a long time and desktop Linux remains obscure. I've experienced all of this. My first open source project was on Windows, back when open source was novel and new. Then I worked on Linux for a while - I had code in Wine and GNOME and a few other things. Then I wrote open source libraries and took part in Bitcoin. These days I do open source work for pay and also sell a proprietary developer tool. So, seen it from every angle. My gut feeling is that we're going to see a resurgence of proprietary platforms and libraries in the coming years.

dartos 2y ago

30 years is the majority of the existence of personal computers have been available. It’s a long time > how many 25 year old hackers want to do that sort of thing? A lot! More than 30 years ago, that’s for sure. The sheer number of all programmers have increased so much since then. A few years ago, when I was 25, I was getting into hardware hacking and I found 2 books on the subject. It’s just hard to find learning resources on reverse engineering hardware, since that isn’t the entry point for programmers anymore. My hope is that some greybeards will write some resources on how they made harfbuzz or eMacs or whatever. I’d pay for that knowledge. I’d gladly pay for technical biographies of open source projects.

mike_hearn 2y ago
I was being pretty generous with my timespans. 30 years ago was 1994. Personal computers had existed for quite a long time by then. The Apple Mac launched in 1984. Open source did exist in 1994: projects like Linux and Python were started around 1991 but nearly nobody knew about them or used them. The average person or developer in 1994 had zero encounters with open source software. Even by 2000 this was still the case: the average developer was working with Visual Basic or Delphi or Visual Studio (all proprietary) using the Windows API or VBX/OCX controls as libraries (proprietary), connecting to Oracle, SQL Server or Access for data (proprietary) and if they were bold, rendering web UIs from IIS or Netscape's servers (proprietary) to Internet Explorer or Netscape Communicator (all proprietary). If they were cutting edge like Google they might be using Linux as a server kernel, but that was rare and a source of competitive advantage. Google wrote all of its own internal libraries starting from the STL upwards partly because there just weren't that many to adopt if you worked on Linux. > It’s just hard to find learning resources on reverse engineering hardware, since that isn’t the entry point for programmers anymore. Well, two books is a lot. Back in the day there were none :) I think this shows the issue, right? Yes there are more developers overall, but there are also more opportunities and things to do. Why would you spend hours slaving over a buggy wifi driver when you could try your hand at writing a mobile app instead, which might make you rich? Back in the 90s this was far less of an option for most developers. The original motivation was a desire to use something other than Windows on PC class hardware, but that desire has been satiated by Apple for a long time and desktop Linux remains obscure. I've experienced all of this. My first open source project was on Windows, back when open source was novel and new. Then I worked on Linux for a while - I had code in Wine and GNOME and a few other things. Then I wrote open source libraries and took part in Bitcoin. These days I do open source work for pay and also sell a proprietary developer tool. So, seen it from every angle. My gut feeling is that we're going to see a resurgence of proprietary platforms and libraries in the coming years.