It is worth noticing that Dennett, while not taking Penrose out of context per se, is using him to illustrate a much narrower point than you're making -- and yo

It is worth noticing that Dennett, while not taking Penrose out of context per se, is using him to illustrate a much narrower point than you're making -- and your quote of him therefore does take Penrose out of context. He continues that quote by saying, "It may well be that such appearances are quite deceptive. There seems to be something about the way that the laws of physics work, which allows natural selection to be a much more effective process than it would be with just arbitrary laws." Penrose's point is that natural selection seems to have capitalized on a specific physical feature which can do something better than any computer can -- this he finds quite remarkable, and he is expressing skepticism that, if you just leave a genetic algorithm for a while with an arbitrary weighting function, that it will develop structures which start to reach towards such logic puzzles with curiosity and form proofs of them. That we have done this is not testament to the anthropic principle nearly as much as it is testament to the fact that, among all the animals, we seem to have most cleanly decoupled our logical intuitions and applied them to our problems.