European here (not used to checks, "checking accounts" or any of the USAmerican banking system). How does this really work? Don't they take your money off the a

European here (not used to checks, "checking accounts" or any of the USAmerican banking system). How does this really work? Don't they take your money off the account once the check is cashed? As far as I can tell, this works as follows: 1. You have 50$ in an account (for example) 2. You write a check for yourself worth 200$ 3. You cash that check, thus having 250$ in your account 4 .You withdraw 200$ at an ATM and still have 50$ in your account. At what point doesn't the bank figure "hey, someone cashed this check, you now have -150$ thus owing us [JPMorgan Chase] 150$ plus any fee we agreed on" ?