Here's a great piece that does the maths on various approaches. And shows that pumped storage is basically the only option https://cleantechnica.com/2024/06/10

Here's a great piece that does the maths on various approaches. And shows that pumped storage is basically the only option https://cleantechnica.com/2024/06/10/gravity-storage-101-or-why-pumped-hydro-is-the-only-remotely-real-gravity-storage/ https://cleantechnica.com/2024/06/10/gravity-storage-101-or-...