When it says "static type checking" it does not mean "all static type checking" but rather "good static type checking". And this is what the study showed (ignor

When it says "static type checking" it does not mean "all static type checking" but rather "good static type checking". And this is what the study showed (ignoring issues of methodology and sample size for the sake of argument): a (good) static type system would have caught more errors than unit testing, therefore static typing is good. Generalizing any comment to all static type systems is silly: there are language like C that have a static system but provide basically no additional safety at all. You can easily provide examples of really bad statically typed or dynamically typed languages, but these examples say nothing of static or dynamic typing in general: they're just bad. Questions about static vs dynamic typing can only be answered by the best (or at least good) examples of each. Showing that a good statically typed system is more robust than a good dynamically typed system is a useful proxy for comparing static typing to dynamic typing. This is similar to a study on seat belts ignoring poor seat belts that strangle the passengers in the event of a crash. In short: just because static typing is better does not mean all static type systems are better, because you can always come up with a sufficiently bad example of static typing.