In my city the buses have ticket machines inside them, there's also ticket machines at the bus stops, and you can buy tickets on your smartphone. Or at small st

In my city the buses have ticket machines inside them, there's also ticket machines at the bus stops, and you can buy tickets on your smartphone. Or at small street shops but it's last resort. Most people that drive often just have monthly tickets so they don't have to do anything - just get in/out of the bus. Drivers are banned from selling tickets - they only do the driving. And nobody checks if you bought a ticket on every ride - there's a random check every now and then and if you're caught you pay a high fine. But you have maybe 1% chance of being checked at any given ride.