> Individual beliefs aside, the Christian Bible makes for a fascinating case study in book translations. The start of the gospel of John is one that is particu

> Individual beliefs aside, the Christian Bible makes for a fascinating case study in book translations. The start of the gospel of John is one that is particularly thought provoking for me because we can more easily grasp the meaning of the original words. https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/jhn/1/1/t_conc_998001 https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/jhn/1/1/t_conc_998001 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος. en archē ēn ho logos kai ho logos ēn pros theos kai ho logos ēn theos. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. And you'll note in that λόγος has been translated to "Word". But logos means such more than just "word" (the word for word is λέξις léxis). Logos, as understood in Greek philosophy was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos > Ancient Greek philosophers used the term in different ways. The sophists used the term to mean "discourse". Aristotle applied the term to refer to "reasoned discourse" or "the argument" in the field of rhetoric, and considered it one of the three modes of persuasion alongside ethos and pathos. Pyrrhonist philosophers used the term to refer to dogmatic accounts of non-evident matters. The Stoics spoke of the logos spermatikos (the generative principle of the Universe) which foreshadows related concepts in Neoplatonism. This was relating the philosophy of the Greeks (even then a couple of hundred of years old) to that of the early forms of Christianity. I would contend that "In the beginning was the [ability to reason, link the rational nature of the universe to rational discourse]" ... but that doesn't fit well in translation or even liner notes. And so, we're left with the word "Word". --- One of the late night Bay Area public TV programs (not sure if it was KQED or KTEH) had a once a week program back in the late 90s / early 00s that was a verse by verse bible study looking at the oldest forms of the text and looking at specific word meanings like rāṣaḥ https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h7523/kjv/wlc/0-1/ https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h7523/kjv/wlc/0-1/ and hāraḡ https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h2026/kjv/wlc/0-1/ https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h2026/kjv/wlc/0-1/ - where they are used (you'll note the contexts are different while one is killing in general, the other is a specific type of killing). Anyways... it was an interesting program that had a lot of linguistic study of ancient languages with the Bible as the text being translated.