3 ms·

That is how all self-guided weapons systems worked before GPS was viable. Many still retain that capability as a fallback. Notably, the Tomahawks fired during D

That is how all self-guided weapons systems worked before GPS was viable. Many still retain that capability as a fallback. Notably, the Tomahawks fired during Desert Storm had to transit over Iranian airspace because they needed the mountainous terrain to correct for their inertial drift before turning toward their targets over the flat Iraqi plains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

lupusreal 2y ago
Almost all. Walleye television-guided glide bombs used edge detection on a television signal to aim themselves in. A human would designate a target at the start but then the bomb would autonomously track the target. An optical fire-and-forget system developed in the 1960s. Sidewinders are another example. Both developed at China Lake.
flavius29663 2y ago
> before GPS was viable GPS can be jammed (see Russia-UKraine war), so inertial systems are still very important for rockets, for example some HIMARS rockets start with GPS and then rely only on inertial while getting close to target.
- missedthecue 2y ago
  Himars relies on inertial navigation the entire flight and uses GPS updates to course correct. If the GPS is blocked for a sufficient amount of flightime, even with the intertial navigation, the accuracy can become unusably low. This is how the Russians have been throwing double digit percentages of launches off course.
  - ethbr1 2y ago
    Terminal guidance since ~1995 on higher-end weapons has switched to hybrid inertial + scene matching (various sensor types). F.ex. the 90s Tomahawk used terrain contour matching to orient itself For more details see https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA315439.pdf https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA315439.pdf (US translation of a mid-90s Chinese survey of the guidance space, but it covers the material and is publicly available) Afaik, most modern systems use infrared target matching for final course correction. (Initially developed to allow anti-shipping missiles to autonomously prioritize targets, but now advanced enough to use in land scenarios as well)
    - mrguyorama 2y ago
      I don't think ATACMS or GMLRS missiles have any terminal guidance apart from their aim point. The GMLRS missiles that carry german SMART munitions do, technically, since the SMART munition has it's own targeting system. It wouldn't make much sense to me, as most ATACMS warheads are area based, not point target based, so they wouldn't expect to aim at a single target. Also these systems are relatively cheap compared to things that DO have such guidance
      - ethbr1 2y ago
        They don't and are definitely at the dumb/cheap end of the scale. (or in ATACMS' case, dumb/big) I think anything developed before ~2005 that wasn't explicitly anti-ship doesn't have terminal guidance. Cruise missiles maybe/not. Things after (e.g. SBD2 / StormBreaker) started to, because components were finally cheap and mature enough during the development cycle.
    - missedthecue 2y ago
      Only cruise missile have tercom. Himars and Excalibur do not have any camera or terrain matching system

lupusreal 2y ago

Almost all. Walleye television-guided glide bombs used edge detection on a television signal to aim themselves in. A human would designate a target at the start but then the bomb would autonomously track the target. An optical fire-and-forget system developed in the 1960s. Sidewinders are another example. Both developed at China Lake.

flavius29663 2y ago

> before GPS was viable GPS can be jammed (see Russia-UKraine war), so inertial systems are still very important for rockets, for example some HIMARS rockets start with GPS and then rely only on inertial while getting close to target.

missedthecue 2y ago
Himars relies on inertial navigation the entire flight and uses GPS updates to course correct. If the GPS is blocked for a sufficient amount of flightime, even with the intertial navigation, the accuracy can become unusably low. This is how the Russians have been throwing double digit percentages of launches off course.
- ethbr1 2y ago
  Terminal guidance since ~1995 on higher-end weapons has switched to hybrid inertial + scene matching (various sensor types). F.ex. the 90s Tomahawk used terrain contour matching to orient itself For more details see https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA315439.pdf https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA315439.pdf (US translation of a mid-90s Chinese survey of the guidance space, but it covers the material and is publicly available) Afaik, most modern systems use infrared target matching for final course correction. (Initially developed to allow anti-shipping missiles to autonomously prioritize targets, but now advanced enough to use in land scenarios as well)
  - mrguyorama 2y ago
    I don't think ATACMS or GMLRS missiles have any terminal guidance apart from their aim point. The GMLRS missiles that carry german SMART munitions do, technically, since the SMART munition has it's own targeting system. It wouldn't make much sense to me, as most ATACMS warheads are area based, not point target based, so they wouldn't expect to aim at a single target. Also these systems are relatively cheap compared to things that DO have such guidance
    - ethbr1 2y ago
      They don't and are definitely at the dumb/cheap end of the scale. (or in ATACMS' case, dumb/big) I think anything developed before ~2005 that wasn't explicitly anti-ship doesn't have terminal guidance. Cruise missiles maybe/not. Things after (e.g. SBD2 / StormBreaker) started to, because components were finally cheap and mature enough during the development cycle.
  - missedthecue 2y ago
    Only cruise missile have tercom. Himars and Excalibur do not have any camera or terrain matching system