It’s buried in there: A single participant (VIN group) scored above 15 at baseline on the CES-D measure, indicating possible risk for clinical depression.

It’s buried in there: A single participant (VIN group) scored above 15 at baseline on the CES-D measure, indicating possible risk for clinical depression. The PHQ-9 responses at baseline indicated that three VIN participants and one CON participant scored in the range of 5 to 9, indicating mild depression, and one VIN participant (not the same individual who scored high on the CES-D measure) scored in the range of 10 to 14, indicating moderate depression. Thus, 5 participants (18% of the total sample) scored above the threshold indicating a potential risk for depression and mirroring recent national prevalence estimates for depression among U.S. adults: 18.5%