In theory someone could write a display driver for libvirt/kvm/qemu 3D acceleration, like the ones that exist for Windows and Linux. With those (suboptimal) GPU

In theory someone could write a display driver for libvirt/kvm/qemu 3D acceleration, like the ones that exist for Windows and Linux. With those (suboptimal) GPU performance would become available to just about any GPU. AMD has its own VT-X alternative (AMD-V) that should work just fine. There are other challenges to getting macOS to boot on AMD CPUs, though, usually fixed by loading kexts and other trickery. I don't really see the point of using Docker for running a full OS. Just distribute an OVA or whatever virtualisation format you prefer. Even a qcow2 with a bash script to start the VM would probably work.