These aren't implemented in hardware, but they're examples of esoteric architectures: zk-STARK virtual machines: https://github.com/TritonVM/triton-vm https:/

These aren't implemented in hardware, but they're examples of esoteric architectures: zk-STARK virtual machines: https://github.com/TritonVM/triton-vm https://github.com/TritonVM/triton-vm https://github.com/risc0/risc0 https://github.com/risc0/risc0 They're "just" bounded Turing machines with extra cryptography. The VM architectures have been optimized for certain cryptographic primitives so that you can prove properties of arbitrary programs, including the cryptographic verification itself. This lets you e.g. play turn-based games where you commit to make a move/action without revealing it (cryptographic fog-of-war): https://www.ingonyama.com/blog/cryptographic-fog-of-war https://www.ingonyama.com/blog/cryptographic-fog-of-war The reason why this requires a specialised architecture is that in order to prove something about the execution of an arbitrary program, you need to arithmetize the entire machine (create a set of equations that are true when the machine performs a valid step, where these equations also hold for certain derivatives of those steps).