> The creations are not particularly complex, at least not in their initial manifestations where something like formal verification would help. Even the assembl

> The creations are not particularly complex, at least not in their initial manifestations where something like formal verification would help. Even the assembly patterns are not unique Utility shafts and traffic lights are not particularly complex either, and are built using off the shelf parts. Nonetheless they make up the daily work of tens of thousands of civil engineers, and what they are doing is engineering. It's engineering because at its core it is a practice of tradeoffs. Building the strongest possible bridge for the sake of it is research or maybe art, building a strong enough bridge within budget is engineering. Applying known solutions to familiar problems is engineering, whether the project is a retention basin or a payment system.