Extraction and separation are a function of time, temperature, and solubility, not just polarity. It's easy to target solubility limits for certain compounds, w

Extraction and separation are a function of time, temperature, and solubility, not just polarity. It's easy to target solubility limits for certain compounds, which why using a Soxhlet extraction method could be effective for at home decaffeination. I've always assumed that's why steam extraction for espresso doesn't extract more caffeine than drip, and why a Madras coffee decoction isn't ultra-caffeinated concentrate.