The International Phonetic Alphabet is helpful, though it may add confusion to talk about this with people unfamiliar with IPA. What you describe as y is /j/ i

The International Phonetic Alphabet is helpful, though it may add confusion to talk about this with people unfamiliar with IPA. What you describe as y is /j/ in IPA. What you describe as zh is /ʒ/. Spanish j is usually /x/. Some languages transcribe /x/ as kh or ch. There are accents of Spanish that pronounce it as /h/ or something slightly different however.