PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA[1]... was the BSOD that occurred in this case. That's basically the first sign that it was a bad pointer dereference in the first pl

PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA[1]... was the BSOD that occurred in this case. That's basically the first sign that it was a bad pointer dereference in the first place. (DRIVER_)IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL[2][3] is not this case, but it's probably one of the most common reasons drivers crash the system generally. Like you said it's basically attempting to access pageable memory at a time that paging isn't allowed (i.e. when at DISPATCH_LEVEL or higher). [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/bug-check-0x50--page-fault-in-nonpaged-area https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/d... [2]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/bug-check-0xa--irql-not-less-or-equal https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/d... [3]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/bug-check-0xd1--driver-irql-not-less-or-equal https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/d...