Wi-Fi radios can be similarly identified, "Wi-Fi device identification based on multi-domain physical layer fingerprint" (2023), https://www.sciencedirect.com/s

Wi-Fi radios can be similarly identified, "Wi-Fi device identification based on multi-domain physical layer fingerprint" (2023), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140366423001032 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01403... > A possible solution for authenticating IoT devices with limited computing resources when accessing wireless networks is to extract a unique and unclonable identifier of the device.. The effectiveness of the physical layer fingerprint lies in the subtle random differences that occur during the manufacturing process of the device.. The accuracy of Wi-Fi device identification based on physical layer fingerprint features.. can reach 98% for 15 different types of IoT Wi-Fi devices, and 90.76% for 10 network cards, having smaller differences in manufacturing, with the same type of chips. Of course, if Auto-Join is enabled, the client device broadcasts the Wi-Fi access points it has previously joined, which can be informative without an SDR.