"ultimately controlled from London" I found the book "Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World" interesting which has a large junk on this

"ultimately controlled from London" I found the book "Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World" interesting which has a large junk on this topic. The tax havens don't have data centers or any infrastructure, the banks of tax havens of the former English Empire have their money with banks in London.