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Who uses multicast for TV these days? I'm also unsure what this has to do with NAT. The reason they use CG-NAT is because there is a complete shortage of IPv4

Who uses multicast for TV these days? I'm also unsure what this has to do with NAT. The reason they use CG-NAT is because there is a complete shortage of IPv4 addresses.

1oooqooq 2y ago
> Who uses multicast for TV these days you'd be surprised. Every resolution bump it gets back in fashion. And the infra is always left behind. And there's only a shortage of ipv4 because ISPs drag their feet on ipv6. It's circular. They even talk about IPv6 nat, lol. For user safety now, i think. remember when DSL didn't allow you to open listening ports? you had to buy "business DSL" for 10x more?
- martinald 2y ago
  But linear TV viewing is shrinking all the time. I'm sure some people do use it, but I really don't understand what it has to do with NAT?
- KennyBlanken 2y ago
  There is no shortage of IPv4 address space. There is a problem with the government and private entities hoarding address space they don't need. Amazon alone is sitting on billions of IPv4 addresses. They've snarfed up /10's, /8's, and partial /8's: https://toonk.io/aws-and-their-billions-in-ipv4-addresses/index.html https://toonk.io/aws-and-their-billions-in-ipv4-addresses/in... Every single man woman and child in the US could get three unique IPv4 addresses each and Amazon would still have billions left over. And then recently the DoD transferred 175M IPv4 addresses to a shell corporation in Florida nobody has ever heard of, an then that shell corp announced the largest # of IPv4 addresses in the world: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/04/pentagon-explains-odd-transfer-of-175-million-ip-addresses-to-obscure-company/ https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/04/penta... The whole "IPv4 space is exhausted" is a load of shit to get people to feel guilty about having a class C and downsizing while Amazon, Google, and Microsoft snarf up more and more IPv4 space. It's exactly like "turn off your lights when you leave the room to reduce your carbon footprint" while a billionaire flies over you in his private jet in a 20 minute flight to the beach because he didn't want to sit in traffic. All this could have been avoided if a)address space could not be sold or "leased" but had to be returned to APIC b)rules regarding a minimum percentage of your existing address space being announced/routable with actual devices at the other end...before more space will be allocated to you.
  - martinald 2y ago
    Amazon isn't sitting on billions of IPv4 addresses; that would be at least 50% of the entire worlds addresses. The article says they are sitting on billions of dollars worth of IP addresses, which is a completely different thing. FWIW I don't think Amazon having 100million IPv4 addresses is that unreasonable given how many sites are on it.
  - gerdesj 2y ago
    No idea where you are but here in the UK nearly all business links come with a static IP at a minimum and leased lines will often have a /29 or /28. Now a single IP (let's go all dewey eyed and forget about other protocols), for TCP, can support more than 65000 ports. OK, let's suppose we are fixated on port 443. Slap a proxy on it. Now you are restricted by the characters in the alphabet (thanks to DNS) ... oh hang on ... you are restricted by UTF8 and company. With Dynamic DNS you don't really need a fixed IP either, provided it has a reasonable lifetime. My Dad's home telephony is on the end of a UK Virgin Media residential connection, which gets you a DHCP assigned but largely unfiltered non RFC1918 address. Their new build at the time offered telephony from BT with no internet or no telephony and internet from Virgin. I ported his phone number from his old house and popped in a RaspPBX and used DDNS to get a stable hostname/unstable IP. A UPS ensures that the Pi stays up reliably. At work, now that unlimited addresses are unavailable, a bit of consolidation is required. I have a HA Proxy that redirects inbound connections based on hostname, URLs and all sorts of things. If your imagination is restricted to only one component that makes up an internet addressable service then sure IPv4 is a bit small. I do understand that getting thousands of services addressable on a single IPv4 is going to involve reading a few manuals. However HA Proxy and co are open source and just require some effort and a bit of hardware. I could go on (at length 8) ...

Who uses multicast for TV these days? I'm also unsure what this has to do with NAT. The reason they use CG-NAT is because there is a complete shortage of IPv4 addresses.

1oooqooq 2y ago

> Who uses multicast for TV these days you'd be surprised. Every resolution bump it gets back in fashion. And the infra is always left behind. And there's only a shortage of ipv4 because ISPs drag their feet on ipv6. It's circular. They even talk about IPv6 nat, lol. For user safety now, i think. remember when DSL didn't allow you to open listening ports? you had to buy "business DSL" for 10x more?

martinald 2y ago
But linear TV viewing is shrinking all the time. I'm sure some people do use it, but I really don't understand what it has to do with NAT?
KennyBlanken 2y ago
There is no shortage of IPv4 address space. There is a problem with the government and private entities hoarding address space they don't need. Amazon alone is sitting on billions of IPv4 addresses. They've snarfed up /10's, /8's, and partial /8's: https://toonk.io/aws-and-their-billions-in-ipv4-addresses/index.html https://toonk.io/aws-and-their-billions-in-ipv4-addresses/in... Every single man woman and child in the US could get three unique IPv4 addresses each and Amazon would still have billions left over. And then recently the DoD transferred 175M IPv4 addresses to a shell corporation in Florida nobody has ever heard of, an then that shell corp announced the largest # of IPv4 addresses in the world: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/04/pentagon-explains-odd-transfer-of-175-million-ip-addresses-to-obscure-company/ https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/04/penta... The whole "IPv4 space is exhausted" is a load of shit to get people to feel guilty about having a class C and downsizing while Amazon, Google, and Microsoft snarf up more and more IPv4 space. It's exactly like "turn off your lights when you leave the room to reduce your carbon footprint" while a billionaire flies over you in his private jet in a 20 minute flight to the beach because he didn't want to sit in traffic. All this could have been avoided if a)address space could not be sold or "leased" but had to be returned to APIC b)rules regarding a minimum percentage of your existing address space being announced/routable with actual devices at the other end...before more space will be allocated to you.
- martinald 2y ago
  Amazon isn't sitting on billions of IPv4 addresses; that would be at least 50% of the entire worlds addresses. The article says they are sitting on billions of dollars worth of IP addresses, which is a completely different thing. FWIW I don't think Amazon having 100million IPv4 addresses is that unreasonable given how many sites are on it.
- gerdesj 2y ago
  No idea where you are but here in the UK nearly all business links come with a static IP at a minimum and leased lines will often have a /29 or /28. Now a single IP (let's go all dewey eyed and forget about other protocols), for TCP, can support more than 65000 ports. OK, let's suppose we are fixated on port 443. Slap a proxy on it. Now you are restricted by the characters in the alphabet (thanks to DNS) ... oh hang on ... you are restricted by UTF8 and company. With Dynamic DNS you don't really need a fixed IP either, provided it has a reasonable lifetime. My Dad's home telephony is on the end of a UK Virgin Media residential connection, which gets you a DHCP assigned but largely unfiltered non RFC1918 address. Their new build at the time offered telephony from BT with no internet or no telephony and internet from Virgin. I ported his phone number from his old house and popped in a RaspPBX and used DDNS to get a stable hostname/unstable IP. A UPS ensures that the Pi stays up reliably. At work, now that unlimited addresses are unavailable, a bit of consolidation is required. I have a HA Proxy that redirects inbound connections based on hostname, URLs and all sorts of things. If your imagination is restricted to only one component that makes up an internet addressable service then sure IPv4 is a bit small. I do understand that getting thousands of services addressable on a single IPv4 is going to involve reading a few manuals. However HA Proxy and co are open source and just require some effort and a bit of hardware. I could go on (at length 8) ...