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Any cost paid by the drivers is by definition not an externality. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality

• asdff 2y ago
  Even in the first few sentances of that article I don't understand the situation they build about who pays for what. They say auto exaust is an example of an externality since car users presumably aren't affected by its ills. Here I am thinking they certainly pay for it in terms of a tradeoff between worse local air quality and convenience. Maybe some people believe things must only be paid in cash and not through time or experience.