This point jumped out to me as a pretty significant limitation of the study. The investigators did not collect any data on xylitol intake from their human co

This point jumped out to me as a pretty significant limitation of the study. The investigators did not collect any data on xylitol intake from their human cohort, so we have no way of correlating consumption with MACE risk because we have no way of knowing which participants were regularly consuming xylitol-containing foods. And although xylitol is currently a very common sweetening additive, Witkowski et al. note that the majority of their study participants were enrolled prior to xylitol’s widespread use, suggesting that circulating levels measured in their observational cohort may not be attributable to dietary intake. Alas, as with all human nutrition studies, it is all garbage and mostly funded by Nestle or similar.