Load scheduling driven by price incentives (namely hot water) is already the largest flexibility source in France iirc. I’m not sure that there is much differen

Load scheduling driven by price incentives (namely hot water) is already the largest flexibility source in France iirc. I’m not sure that there is much difference between price-driven flexibility and smart grids though (in that most of the benefit is captured by communicating prices ahead of time rather than dynamic load modulation)