Using copyrighted data in training LLMs is allowed in the European Union, unless the copyright holder specifically opts out. This is in the recent Artificial In

Using copyrighted data in training LLMs is allowed in the European Union, unless the copyright holder specifically opts out. This is in the recent Artificial Intelligence Act, which defines AI training as a type of "data mining" being covered by the EU Directive 2019/790 Article 4. The problem is that there is no designated protocol for opting out. There are a bunch of protocols pushed by different entities, and support is fragmented even where there is intent to do the right thing. This means of course that they don't work in practice. An example: The most well known out-out protocol might be DeviantArt's "noai" and "noimageai" tags that could be in HTTP and/or HTML headers [1]. The web site Cara.app has got a large influx of artists recently because of its anti-AI stance. Cara.app puts only a "noai" metadata tag in HTML headers of pages that link to images but not in any HTTP response headers. Spawning.ai's "datadiligence" library for web crawlers [2] searchers for "noai" tags in HTTP response headers of image files but not in HTML files that link to them. 1. "noai" tag: https://www.deviantart.com/team/journal/UPDATE-All-Deviations-Are-Opted-Out-of-AI-Datasets-934500371 https://www.deviantart.com/team/journal/UPDATE-All-Deviation... 2. "Datadiligence": https://github.com/Spawning-Inc/datadiligence/tree/main https://github.com/Spawning-Inc/datadiligence/tree/main