>While in emergency mode, the driver of the emergency vehicle is -presumptively liable- for ANY incident that occurs, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise (a

>While in emergency mode, the driver of the emergency vehicle is -presumptively liable- for ANY incident that occurs, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise (and even then there is still likely to be contributory liability). This liability is personal and organizational (i.e. I can be personally sued if I hit someone in my ambulance, even going code 3). I think you are mistaken. Please cite your sources. Drivers of emergency vehicles must exercise due regard, but as long as they meet that standard, AFAIK they are not liable for accidents they cause while operating with lights and siren, when lights and siren are warranted. For example, CA Vehicle Code section 17004 provides: “A public employee is not liable for civil damages on account of personal injury to or death of any person or damage to property resulting from the operation, in the line of duty, of an authorized emergency vehicle while responding to an emergency call or when in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or when responding to but not upon returning from a fire alarm or other emergency call.” There is an exception to the rule: California Vehicle Code 21056 states that CVC 17004 and CVC 21055, “does not relieve the driver of a vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway, nor protect him from the consequences of an arbitrary exercise of the privileges granted in that section.” The law may be different in other states, but I doubt that your statement of the law is true in any U.S. state. Very curious to learn if I am wrong about that.