That's the misleading part of all of Apple's statements about privacy. Apple only ever talks about your "personal data", they let the audience conclude what tha

That's the misleading part of all of Apple's statements about privacy. Apple only ever talks about your "personal data", they let the audience conclude what that means. A picture is personal data. Information about the content of that picture anonymized in a way that the user/subject cannot be identified, is not personal data anymore. A profile generated from all your usage-habits combined is not "personal data" anymore. Not a popular statement, but I believe the main reason for Apple pushing on-device ML-models is to extract non-personal information from its devices without the need for the "personal information" to be seen by Apple. There's even a paper on that [1] Compute and storage is paid by the user, only the extracted data is delivered to Apple. Beyond that, Apple's entire effort on privacy conveniently ensures that only they know everything about their users, and ensure that the customers don't (accidentally) tell someone else something about themselves. [1] https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/learning-with-privacy-at-scale https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/learning-with-pri...