On the one side, you have clean amateur athletes with the best intentions and legitimate medical exemptions who just want to compete. They're willing to tolerat

On the one side, you have clean amateur athletes with the best intentions and legitimate medical exemptions who just want to compete. They're willing to tolerate a surprisingly large (but still limited) amount of hoops to jump through to certify that they're clean. On the other side, you have amoral nation-state level actors who just want at least a few of their athletes to win at any cost. In the middle, you have a testing and enforcement agency with limited resources tasked with discerning which group each athlete belongs to. I'm not convinced this is a problem that has a solution. It's just like an overbearing IT department preventing senior engineers from having sudo access to their laptops or from using an SD card to transfer data to the new 3D printer. IT is tasked with asking "but what if our top engineer is actually a deep-cover agent for Mossad?" and that's going to lead to bad outcomes for their actual engineers most of the time. Or just like dealing with a payment processor who won't tell you why your account is suspended or transfer your funds - their opaque and non-deterministic fraud prevention algorithms are there to fight money laundering, and being fair and just and transparent with will compromise their ability to satisfy their primary objective. Imagine someone with 1000x the resources and 0x the conscience of Lizzy wanted to cheat. They'd have a whole team of rulebook experts. They'd have agents inside WADA and their national sporting group exfiltrating data on what was being used and what was being investigated and pushing for policies that advanced their agenda and also interfering in the ability of the organization to do their job. They'd have their own lab testing athletes and supplements to find the exact threshold of detectable compounds that just squeaked under any published minimum reporting levels. Can an amateur like Lizzy effectively compete in this environment without devoting an enormous amount of resources to avoiding anti-doping findings? Probably not. That sucks. But I don't see any way around the conclusion.