The only papers that are likely to draw conclusions directly from the cited papers are meta-analysis and reviews. Any pure research will have its own hypothesis

The only papers that are likely to draw conclusions directly from the cited papers are meta-analysis and reviews. Any pure research will have its own hypothesis, its own experiments, its own results, and its own conclusions. Most papers will simply cite it as background or related works. Even if the evidence in the cited work is doctored, the hypothesis can still be true and future papers based on it can still find valid, positive results. This paper being manipulated doesn't imply anything about the hypothesis or any subsequent studies - it simply fails to be useful as any form of evidence.