1. Growing software compl... ehm, bloat. Seen almost everywhere (web frameworks among the worst offenders). 2. Existing software built using languages like C w

1. Growing software compl... ehm, bloat. Seen almost everywhere (web frameworks among the worst offenders). 2. Existing software built using languages like C where anything goes. Memory-safe languages are on the rise, but not (yet?) the norm. And those help but aren't a silver bullet anyway. Formal methods / verification are niche. 3. # of bugs per X lines of code written is -on average- more or less constant. There's better & worse programmers, there's many tools to detect issues, but if you write 10x more code there will be ~10x more bugs in it.