Your instinct is correct. The major legal research providers (Thomson Reuters and LexisNexis) both provide “citators”, which are human annotations of which case

Your instinct is correct. The major legal research providers (Thomson Reuters and LexisNexis) both provide “citators”, which are human annotations of which cases and statutes have been overruled, upheld, criticized, etc. One of the issues the paper describes is the fairly ham-handed way this gets integrated into these systems, causing even more trouble.