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This recent article on WSJ https://www.wsj.com/science/academic-studies-research-paper-mills-journals-publishing-f5a3d4bc https://www.wsj.com/science/academic-

• defrost 2y ago
  Only the trust of people that didn't have much to start with. Or understanding of the process. Consider: * this large-scale fraud represents a small percentage of submissions to journals and * The extent of the paper mill problem has been exposed by members of the scientific community who on their own have collected patterns in faked papers to recognize this fraud at scale and developed tools to help surface the work. Reading the entire WSJ article, it's a problem in the tail end of papers that doesn't impact "working science" were people stick to papers in their field that make sense and talked about within the network of those in a domain. It's also a problem being self policed by working scientists. Likely with a better job of pushing back on bad apples than many a LEO. Paper mill's, as laid out in the WSJ, are about boosting the credentials of small publishing houses with little to no real use in order to defraud larger legiot publishing houses, or else they're about attempting to fake up and boost the credentials of "virtual researchers" and fake labs in order to boost dodgy marketing schemes - it's a lot like the dodgy USB TB memory stick market - it's a nuisance that isn't really having an effect on mainstream computing.