If it's about repurposing phones, then just root the phone. On Android, that's generally not restricted. The benefit of not rooting is that device attestation (

If it's about repurposing phones, then just root the phone. On Android, that's generally not restricted. The benefit of not rooting is that device attestation (used in banking apps and other sensitive things) still works. If you don't care about attestation, root away.