>Increasing density in older cities requires infrastructure upgrades that are much more complex and expensive to retrofit than it was to plan and build the firs

>Increasing density in older cities requires infrastructure upgrades that are much more complex and expensive to retrofit than it was to plan and build the first time when space was abundant. >Multi-story buildings are more expensive per floor space area than single-story buildings. As cities become denser, the added expense of multi-story buildings is realised. A lot of that is parking. Parking minimum laws basically hollow out intermediate-density development. In order to meet parking requirements, the only legal and economically viable types of buildings are low-density with cheap surface parking, or high-density with expensive underground parking.