Taichi (Python package) definitely uses AST for at least the JIT’ing/kernel generation, not sure about how the autograd works under the hood but these links wil

Taichi (Python package) definitely uses AST for at least the JIT’ing/kernel generation, not sure about how the autograd works under the hood but these links will get you started. There are plenty of publications about taichi which you can look up as well for more detail I am sure. https://docs.taichi-lang.org/docs/differentiable_programming https://docs.taichi-lang.org/docs/differentiable_programming https://docs.taichi-lang.org/docs/compilation https://docs.taichi-lang.org/docs/compilation