You have to miniaturize the components and be able to cram billions on a die of a few square centimeters at most. The industry has lots of experience doing that

You have to miniaturize the components and be able to cram billions on a die of a few square centimeters at most. The industry has lots of experience doing that with electronics. Almost none with photonics. The silver lining is that one might need massively less photonic components to get the job done than electronic components due to the former's theoretically magnitudes higher switching frequency. And we might reserve them for graphics and AI at first.