Yea, I think its fair to say that Hoare was actually arguing for something like "value semantics," because he saw all the problems that references cause. But I

Yea, I think its fair to say that Hoare was actually arguing for something like "value semantics," because he saw all the problems that references cause. But I would claim you can't actually implement a realistic system without some amount of references, if only to synchronize state between concurrent components, so the language of implementation should restrict references in a similar way to Rust to make using references without error tractable.