In a lot of european countries there's specific legislation allowing computing interop that overrides copyright. Eg https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/s

In a lot of european countries there's specific legislation allowing computing interop that overrides copyright. Eg https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/computer-programs-legal-protection.html https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/computer-... (Also I'd think copyright in EU doesn't normally apply to implementing protocols as it's supposed to grant monopolies of creative expression? but IANAL)