There's no need to predict them in advance. Astronomy photos taken from the ground aren't one long exposure. They're lots - hundreds even - of short ones, which

There's no need to predict them in advance. Astronomy photos taken from the ground aren't one long exposure. They're lots - hundreds even - of short ones, which are then "stacked" to reduce noise and increase dynamic range of the final image. It should be trivial to identify streaks in the stack and just throw out those images. I'd be surprised if they're not already doing that for the older satellites up there, and things like planes flying across the shot.