https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683946/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683946/ > The reported GHG emissions range from 39–196-kg

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683946/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683946/ > The reported GHG emissions range from 39–196-kgCO2eq/kWh battery due to differences in many factors including battery specifications and technologies, geographical locations, and life cycle inventory data; and material, energy, and processes emission factors; making direct comparison of results very difficult Assuming a 80kW-hr battery pack, I'm seeing anywhere from 2.7-tons to 15-tons of CO2, which is a bit more variance than you initially pointed out. More specifically, we can breakdown per country and get better estimates. > Several of these studies focus on individual countries. For instance, Kim et al. (17) focused on South Korea and found an emission intensity of 141-kgCO2eq/kWh battery. Sun et al. studied China and reported an emission intensity of 124.5 kgCO2eq/kWh (20), while Dai et al. examined the United States and found an emission intensity of 72.9-kgCO2eq/kWh battery (6) Assuming 75 kg-CO2 / kWh for USA and 80kW-hr gives me ~6-tons of CO2 per battery pack assuming relatively clean US Production. Its approximately 20lbs of CO2 per gallon of gasoline. So 6-tons of CO2 is equivalent to 600 gallons of Gasoline, or ~24,000 miles in a typical Corolla Hybrid. A Prius Prime is around 70% electric and 30% gasoline at 50mpg. That makes the crossover point at nearly 100,000 miles for the Prius Prime. (30,000 Mi gasoline, 70,000 Mi electric), assuming the electricity used was zero greenhouse gasses (unlikely: most electricity these days are Natural Gas in the USA). Needless to say, the Hybrid equation is strong even in a hypothetical 100% green electric grid. Move to ~60% fossil fuel electric grid (like what we have right now in the USA) and the math goes screwy, but clearly in favor of ICE/Hybrid/PHEV. Change the math to South Korean's dirtier 141-kgCO2/kWh and we're looking at nearly 50,000 miles before the EV (on 100% green / zero-emissions) beats a Corolla Hybrid (40mpg), and nearly 200,000 miles before the EV beats a Prius Prime.