1) smaller office complexes around the perimeter of downtowns make cheap tear downs while businesses concentrate into most desirable office space. 2) older bui

1) smaller office complexes around the perimeter of downtowns make cheap tear downs while businesses concentrate into most desirable office space. 2) older buildings are more viable for residential conversions, if subsidized into positive economics 3) permit + incentivize residential construction - you'd be surprised how much of typical US downtowns are made up of parking lots/structures which can easily be scraped for housing. Lastly as people do fill into downtowns, that will naturally convert into the ecosystem that serves those people - for all but capital intensive projects which will need to be spearheaded by municipalities and developers alike.