GPS is relatively new (only the last 30 years or so). There was a whole set of navigational aids available to pilots beforehand; NDBs, VORs, TACAN, LORAN, RADA

GPS is relatively new (only the last 30 years or so). There was a whole set of navigational aids available to pilots beforehand; NDBs, VORs, TACAN, LORAN, RADAR, etc, etc, etc. AND OF COURSE, THE BEST OF ALL, THE HUMAN EYE AND A WAC CHART.