Yup. Only a small fraction of drugs ever make it to human testing. The winners have to pay for all the losers and then some (consider: You can play a game wh

Yup. Only a small fraction of drugs ever make it to human testing. The winners have to pay for all the losers and then some (consider: You can play a game where you bet $1 and have a 1 in 10 chance of getting $10. Completely fair, but if you play long enough you're guaranteed to go bankrupt.) There's also the time factor. Suppose you spend $100M to develop and sell a drug that brings in a total of $150M over it's on-patent lifetime. You *lost* money.