There are a couple more such libraries. One was inside tensorflow (nest) and then extracted into the standalone dm-tree: https://github.com/deepmind/tree https:

There are a couple more such libraries. One was inside tensorflow (nest) and then extracted into the standalone dm-tree: https://github.com/deepmind/tree https://github.com/deepmind/tree Or also: https://github.com/metaopt/optree https://github.com/metaopt/optree I think ideally you would try to use mostly standard types (dict, list, tuple, etc) which are supported by all those libraries in mostly the same way, so it's easy to switch. You have to be careful in some of the small differences though. E.g. what basic types are supported (e.g. dataclass, namedtuple, other derived instances from dict, tuple, etc), or how None is handled.