There is math for classical causal inference with observational data; that FWIU also hasn't been applied to cognitive outcomes studies. From "The World Needs C

There is math for classical causal inference with observational data; that FWIU also hasn't been applied to cognitive outcomes studies. From "The World Needs Computational Social Science" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37746921 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37746921 : > "Answering causal questions using observational data" (2021) [PDF] https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/advanced-economicsciencesprize2021.pdf https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/advanced-economic... https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/popular-information/ https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/pop...