> to deliberately induce such bias I don't think big companies do such "deliberately" (in the sense that a human made the explicit decision to do it). But whe

> to deliberately induce such bias I don't think big companies do such "deliberately" (in the sense that a human made the explicit decision to do it). But when there is a certain behavior that performs better in practice, then such behavior will proliferate. I say, that when the effect is known, and the company chooses not to reduce it, they are acting deliberately. The purpose of a system is what it does. I agree, that the relation between the effect and the specific behavior may not be obvious, as you pointed out ("Managing bias is a wildly difficult..."). But it seems that google does not even acknowledge, that this effect exists [1]. Beside the intention, I think the more interesting questions would be: Do the induce such a bias (deliberately or not)? Do the induce any bias at all? [1] https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/google-2016-election-121766/ https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/google-2016-...