A slightly more cynical view might be that the learning outcomes that we're getting is really as good as you can expect given the material + general mix of stud

A slightly more cynical view might be that the learning outcomes that we're getting is really as good as you can expect given the material + general mix of students + time involved. Honestly, I would be more interested in seeing the comparison between variation in time/scores for hybrid + traditional formats. My hunch is that the smartest people are significantly dragging up the hybrid scores. My personal experience in class is that professors tend to teach at a rate acceptable to the top ~75% of the class, leaving the top ~5% feeling like class is moving like a glacier. And then there's the fact that each student typically gets stuck at slightly different points, so if a lecturer is to clarify each of these points, there's a LOT of redundancy being thrown around.