This highlights what Judea Pearl's causal framework gets at: Pr(Y|X) versus Pr(Y|do(X)), where we can set early. Causality isn't easy to establish. Correlation

This highlights what Judea Pearl's causal framework gets at: Pr(Y|X) versus Pr(Y|do(X)), where we can set early. Causality isn't easy to establish. Correlation is insufficient. Note, too, I am unfamiliar with the literature cited by the Infoanimatedgraphic.