I went through this exact rabbit hole in 2021 looking to out about USB enclosure CPU usage. As jsheard mentioned, you're looking for UASP. UASP has been around

I went through this exact rabbit hole in 2021 looking to out about USB enclosure CPU usage. As jsheard mentioned, you're looking for UASP. UASP has been around for a decade or more and even the cheapest USB enclosures should support it. I use a Sabrent※ that was $11USD last year. ※ Listed on Amazon as "SABRENT 2.5-Inch SATA to USB 3.0 Tool-Free Clear External Hard Drive Enclosure [Optimized for SSD, Support UASP SATA III]"