The discipline is called Electrical Engineering, and the high-level roles are typically Architects, Design Engineers, and Validation/Verification Engineers. Tho

The discipline is called Electrical Engineering, and the high-level roles are typically Architects, Design Engineers, and Validation/Verification Engineers. Those roles in turn specialize into e.g. Physical Design Engineer, Pre-Silicon Validation Engineer, RTL Design Engineer, etc. I recommend a book "The Pentium Chronicles" by Robert Colwell, if you want to learn more about this field before diving deeper into technical details.