I used to know someone (about 8 years ago) who studied photonic chips at Stanford. She didn't seem to be confident about this direction. one challenge she menti

I used to know someone (about 8 years ago) who studied photonic chips at Stanford. She didn't seem to be confident about this direction. one challenge she mentioned was it's difficult to achieve non-linearity with photonic chips alone, like the activations. hence they had to read back signals and use electronics to add non-linearity, which in turn diminished the benefit of using photonic chips. I wonder if things have changed a lot since then.